Ast of dyeing materials tan or brown



OFFICE.

CHARLES OTTO BOLZ, OF PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA.

ART OF DYEING MATERIALS TAN" OR BROWN.

1N0 Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES 0. Born, a subject of the Emperor ofGermany, (who has declared his intention of becoming a citizen of theUnited States,) residing at Portsmouth, in the county of Norfolk andState of Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inthe Art of Dyeing Materials Tan or Brown, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

'This invention relates to the art of dyeing, and has more particularreference to a novel and improved process or method of dyeing materialssuch as wool, silk, or similar goods to change the color thereof tobrown or tints approaching a brown color.

It is one of the objects of the invention to provide a method of thecharacter men tioned which is'comparatively inexpensive but highlyefficient and satisfactory in use.

Many attempts have heretofore been made to impart a satisfactory browncolor to cloth and the like, which color will be of a permanentcharacter, but many of these attempts have failed and have not gone intoextensive or general use for various reasons, among which may bementioned the expense or scarcity of certain of the ingredients employedin the dyeing operation, the non-permanent character of the color ing,which includes the objection of fading under the action of light, etc.,in use; and in those instances where the dyes were of a more or lessfixed or durable character, the appearance of the goods would oftentimesbe of a dull or non-brilliant color.

lln carrying out the present invention, it is my aim to overcomeexisting objections incident to methods at present employed and toeffectively dye the goods whereby the color imparted thereto will be ofa brilliant character, devoid of bleaching or fading characteristics andquite durable.

Further it is contemplated to accomplish the above result by an improvedmethod, which while inexpensive will have no injurious effect upon thewearing properties, etc., of the cloth or material being dyed, but onthe contrary will tend to reinforce or strengthen the material, andthereby increase the life thereof.

It is a still further object of the invention to utilize in carrying outthe method Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

App1ication filed July 2, 1917. Serial No. 178,296.

certain materials or ingredients peculiarly adapted for the dyeing, in apermanent manner, articles or goods such as wool, silk, etc., suchmaterial being readily obtainable at a slight expense, and the materialsbeing of a character whereby the residue thereof vmay be subsequentlyused for other purthereafter introducing the material into a 7 bath oflime water.

In some instances a limited quantity of salt, preferably Glaubers salt,may also be utilized, it having been ascertained that the salt inaddition to having certain properties tending to make more permanent thecoloring, will impart a peculiar brilliance to the dyed article,rendering the same more pleasing in appearance. In some instancesdomestic or household salt may be satisfactorily employed, but it hasbeen ascertained that Glaubers salt, or equivalent salt has particularqualities giving more brilliant coloring. Then again the salt is alsocomparatively cheap for the purpose.

More particularly the improved process of dyeing contemplated herein maybe described in detail substantially as follows, it being noted in thisparticular that the process may be varied to some extent, and still bewithin the spirit, and contemplation, of the invention;

While the tannic acid may be obtained in various ways, it is preferred,since better results areapparently thereby obtained, to take oakshavings and place the same in water which is subjected to heatsufficient to boil the water, thereby extracting the tannic acid. Thistannic acid is thereupon removed, preferably while still in a boilingcondition and placed in a suitable receptacle, whereupon the goods to betreated, ie. wool, silk or thelike are introduced into the tannic acidbath, which as previously explained is at this time in a hot, andpreferably boiling condition.

Unslaked lime is placed in a suitable receptacle, and when slaked isallowed to stand for a sufficient interval for the lime water to becomeclear, when such clear water is drawn 0E from the lime and placed in areceptacle. After the lime water has arrived r1ng means as may bedesired.

After a suitable lapse of time, the goods are removed, rinsed or driedartificially or by natural heat, and in this connection it may beobserved that any heating medium may be employed, which is of advantagesince many goods dyed by methods at present in'vogue cannot be driedartificially.

It has been ascertained that difierent shades of brown, or yellowishbrown may result according to the length of exposure of the same eitherin theboling acid or in the lime water. I

If desired, and the preferred method includes this step, the goods maybe subjected to a salt treatment, and this treatment may be resorted toat the different stages in carrying out the method.

Goods results have been obtained by first boiling the goods in saltwater prior to the introduction of the same into the tannic acid bath,the salt being dissolved in the Water previous to the introduction ofthe goods thereinto.

This preliminary treatment of the goods in salt Water imparts to thegoods a sliky or brilliant shade or finish as well as assisting inmaking the colors permanent. Should it be desired to give the shadesadarker color, it has been ascertained that this may be accomplished byplacing the salt into the tannic bath after the same has come to aboiling state. This of course eliminates the preliminary salt treatment.Then again still darker shades maybe obtained by introducing the saltdirectly into the lime water after the same has been removed from thelime and when in a slaked condition. This last mentioned salt treatmentmay also be in lieu of the two previous salt treatments mentioned,though no injurious results and different shades may be obtained bycombining one or more of the salt treatments just mentioned.

I The goods being introduced into the tannic acid bath While the latteris in a boiling state, the same will tend to. swell up, thereby openingthe pores of the fiber and removing the fatty matter. within the fiber,thereby allowingthe coloring matter of the'acid to become precipitatedwithin the fabric and penetrate fully and quickly into the fibersthereof.

While certain fairly good results may be obtained by introducing thegoods into a cool bath of the tannic acid, this treatment is open to theobjection that the coloring matter would tend to stick to the outside ofthe material and only temporarily, and would subsequently Wash off to alarge extent. By introducing into the hot bath as above prcscribed, theapplication of the dye is permanent.

The lime water bath to which the goods with the coloring matter appliedare subjected is of considerable importance, and it is also importantthat this water be in a cool state while the goods are in a warm statewhen introduced thereinto. By taking the goods while in a hot state fromthe hot tannic acid bath and placing the same in the cool.li1ne waterbath, the lime water attacks the small amount of tannic acid within thefiber, thereby forming the color, and the fiber being suddenly chilledby the cool lime watenbath, the pores of the fiber will become closed.The action of the cool lime water attacking the tannic acid renders thecolored material permanent or fixed, the pores of the fiber being closedat once thereby preventing the dye from running out.

Difi'erent characters of oak shavings may be utilized in obtaining thetannic acid, whereby to impart to the goods different shades of tan andbrown. To illustrate, assuming that a dark shade is desired, the tannicacid may be derived from white oak shavings, whereas if a lighter shadeis desired the tannic acid may be derived from a mixture of red andwhite oak shavings, or again if a still lighter shade is desired, thetannic acid may be made from red oak shavings.

It may also at times be desirable to give difierent shadings to thecoloring material, and I have ascertained that by placing a givenquantity of Cape aloes in the boiling tannic acid bath, a greenish tintto the brown coloring imparted to the goods will result.

lVhat I claim is 1. The art of coloring fabrics which consists in firstsubjecting the same to treatment in a hot tannic acid bath andsubsequently to treatment in a lime water bath.

- 2 The art of dyeing cloth material such as wool and silk, whichconsists in first sub jecting the material to a hot tannic acid bath,and thereafter subjecting the material to' a cold lime water bath.

3. The art of dyeing materials which consists in introducing thematerial into a bath of heated tannic acid derived from oak, andthereafter introducing the material while still in a heated state into acool lime water bath, the temperature of the lime water bath being lessthan that of the tannic acid.

4. The art of dyeing materials which consists in applying heat to a bathof tannic acid sufiicient to boil the same, introducing the material tobe dyed into the bath While the latter is in a boiling condition,removing the material from said bath, and thereafter, and before thematerial is allowed to cool perceptibly, placing the material in a bathof cool lime water.

5. The art of dyeing materials which consists in introducing thematerial to be dyed into a bath of tannic acid while the latter is in aboiling state, and immediately thereafter introducing the material whilestill in a hot state into a cool loath of lime water.

6. The art of dyeing materials which consists in subjecting oak shavingsto a boiling treatment in water, removing the tannic acid, introducingthe material to be treated into the tannic acid while the latter is in ahot condition, removing thematerial and while still in a hot conditionintroducing the same into a lime water bath.

7 The improved method of dyeing cloth which consists in submerging thecloth in a bath of hot tannic acid having therein Cape aloes, removingthe cloth while saturatedwith the material of the bath and before theimpregnated cloth has had an opportunity to cool into a cool bath oflime Water, subjecting the lime water to a stirring action while thecloth is therein, removing the cloth from the lime water and finallysubjecting the same to a drying process.

8. The art of dyeing cloth which consists in subjecting the same to abath containing tannin at a boiling temperature and subsequentlysubjecting the same at a reduced temperature to a bath of lime water ata relatively cold temperature.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aifix my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses.

CHARLES o'r'ro BOLZ.

l Vitnesses:

W. N. SEBRELL, W. J. MCDONALD.

